The city's main venue for musica

The city's main venue for musical theater performances are the Theater am Potsdamer Platz and Theater des Westens (built in 1895). Berlin's nightlife has been celebrated as one of the most diverse and vibrant of its kind. Public transportation in Berlin has a long and complicated history because of the 20th-century division of the city, where movement between the two halves was not served. [254], In 2013 around 600,000 Berliners were registered in one of the more than 2,300 sport and fitness clubs. [159], In 2019, Berlin has the best future prospects of all cities in Germany, according to HWWI and Berenberg Bank. After the royal palace was finished in 1451, it gradually came into use. Berlin's two largest energy provider for private households are the Swedish firm Vattenfall and the Berlin-based company GASAG. Berlin's transport infrastructure is highly complex, providing a diverse range of urban mobility. In 2014 the German capital registered a migration surplus of approximately 40,000 people.[98]. [99] The last decade experienced an influx from various Western countries and some African regions. Berlin is well known for its highly developed bicycle lane system. This monument, built to commemorate Prussia's victories, was relocated in 193839 from its previous position in front of the Reichstag. Population size may be affected by changes in administrative divisions. It is a transhipment and storage site for inland shipping with a growing importance.[166]. Potsdamer Platz is an entire quarter built from scratch after the Wall came down. The course of the Havel is more like a chain of lakes, the largest being the Tegeler See and the Groer Wannsee. The Haus der Kulturen der Welt presents exhibitions dealing with intercultural issues and stages world music and conferences. [149] The city recorded 28.7million overnight hotel stays and 11.9million hotel guests in 2014. However, in 1948, when the Western Allies extended the currency reform in the Western zones of Germany to the three western sectors of Berlin, the Soviet Union imposed a blockade on the access routes to and from West Berlin, which lay entirely inside Soviet-controlled territory. [25] Other landmarks include the Brandenburg Gate, the Reichstag building, Potsdamer Platz, the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, the Berlin Wall Memorial, the East Side Gallery, the Berlin Victory Column, Berlin Cathedral and the Berlin Television Tower, the tallest structure in Germany. The UMTS (3G) and LTE (4G) networks of the three major cellular operators Vodafone, T-Mobile and O2 enable the use of mobile broadband applications citywide. Many residents strongly identify with their neighborhoods, colloquially called Kiez. The church was destroyed in the Second World War and left in ruins. The sector comprises music, film, advertising, architecture, art, design, fashion, performing arts, publishing, R&D, software,[152] TV, radio, and video games. Clln on the Fischerinsel is first mentioned in a 1237 document, and Berlin, across the Spree in what is now called the Nikolaiviertel, is referenced in a document from 1244. Its main exhibition area covers more than 160,000 square meters (1,722,226sqft). [247] The city hosted the 1936 Summer Olympics and was the host city for the 2006 FIFA World Cup final. Clim Change 92: 99107, Germany's third-largest metropolitan region, an unsuccessful attempt to unify both states in 1996, heat stored by the city's buildings and pavement, Evangelical Church of Berlin-Brandenburg-Silesian Upper Lusatia (EKBO), Member states of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Union of Evangelical Free Church Congregations in Germany, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Berlin's 12 boroughs and their 96 neighborhoods, List of twin towns and sister cities in Germany, Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, International Congress and Convention Association, largest power plants measured by capacity, Universities and research institutions in Berlin, Berlin University of Applied Sciences and Technology, European Institute of Innovation and Technology, "Amt fr Statistik Berlin Brandenburg Statistiken", "Statistischer Bericht: Einwohnerinnen und Einwohner im Land Berlin am 31. With Babelsberg being the world's first large-scale movie studio complex, Berlin is an increasingly popular location for international film productions. Other professional team sport clubs include: This article is about the German city. The Berlin airlift, conducted by the three western Allies, overcame this blockade by supplying food and other supplies to the city from June 1948 to May 1949. In the 1990s the Aussiedlergesetze enabled immigration to Germany of some residents from the former Soviet Union. [59] Walter Momper, the mayor of West Berlin, became the first mayor of the reunified city in the interim. It is the largest remaining evidence of the city's historical division. National and international migration into the city has a long history. Berlin is also the headquarter of major German-language publishing houses like Walter de Gruyter, Springer, the Ullstein Verlagsgruppe (publishing group), Suhrkamp, and Cornelsen are all based in Berlin. [80] Annual precipitation is 570 millimeters (22in) with moderate rainfall throughout the year. Other gardens in the city include the Britzer Garten, and the Grten der Welt (Gardens of the World) in Marzahn. However, some ministries, as well as some minor departments, stayed in the federal city Bonn, the former capital of West Germany. Ivan Fischer is its principal conductor. The total annual federal budget managed by the German government exceeded 310 ($375) billion in 2013. Some of the major streets in City West are Kurfrstendamm (or just Kudamm) and Kantstrae. It also houses a multi-sensory spa experience. The Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra is one of the preeminent orchestras in the world;[226] it is housed in the Berliner Philharmonie near Potsdamer Platz on a street named for the orchestra's longest-serving conductor, Herbert von Karajan. The SOUND and the Dschungel gained notoriety. [217] The central boroughs are home to many nightclubs, including the Watergate, Tresor and Berghain. 82 Gymnasien teach Latin[186] and 8 teach Classical Greek.[187]. [170] Previously set to open in 2012, after extensive delays and cost overruns, it opened for commercial operations in October 2020. In addition, around 20 news agencies, more than 90 regional daily newspapers and their websites, as well as the Berlin offices of more than 22 national publications such as Der Spiegel, and Die Zeit reinforce the capital's position as Germany's epicenter for influential debate. Berlin straddles the banks of the Spree, which flows into the Havel (a tributary of the Elbe) in the western borough of Spandau. [25] As early as 1841 it was designated a "district dedicated to art and antiquities" by a royal decree. Among famous streets, Unter den Linden and Friedrichstrae are found in the city's old city centre (and were included in the former East Berlin). The most commonly spoken foreign languages in Berlin are Turkish, Polish, English, Persian, Arabic, Italian, Bulgarian, Russian, Romanian, Kurdish, Serbo-Croatian, French, Spanish and Vietnamese. Over one-third of the city area consists of green space, woodlands, and water. Facing the Chancellery is the Bundestag, the German Parliament, housed in the renovated Reichstag building since the government's relocation to Berlin in 1998. [212] The Berlin Wall itself has become one of the largest open-air canvasses in the world. After the war, the repaired bridge served as a checkpoint and border crossing between the Soviet and American sectors, and later between East and West Berlin. West Berlin was now de facto a part of West Germany with a unique legal status, while East Berlin was de facto a part of East Germany. Historically, 67 Nobel Prize winners are affiliated with the Berlin-based universities. Februar", "BVG will verlngerte U5 am 4. East Berlin's partnerships were canceled at the time of German reunification but later partially reestablished. The name Berlin has its roots in the language of West Slavic inhabitants of the area of today's Berlin, and may be related to the Old Polabian stem berl-/birl- ("swamp"). At the end of 2018, the city-state of Berlin had 3.75million registered inhabitants[2] in an area of 891.1km2 (344.1sqmi). [241], The Tiergarten park in Mitte, with landscape design by Peter Joseph Lenn, is one of Berlin's largest and most popular parks. The oldest and most popular first division team based in Berlin is the football club Hertha BSC. [37], The Thirty Years' War between 1618 and 1648 devastated Berlin. Yes, youve read it right. From 1865 until 1976, Berlin had an extensive pneumatic postal network, which at its peak in 1940, totaled 400 kilometers in length. One third of its houses were damaged or destroyed, and the city lost half of its population. [47], The Industrial Revolution transformed Berlin during the 19th century; the city's economy and population expanded dramatically, and it became the main railway hub and economic center of Germany. According to figures from the International Congress and Convention Association in 2015, Berlin became the leading organizer of conferences globally, hosting 195 international meetings. [177] Riders are allowed to carry their bicycles on Regionalbahn, S-Bahn and U-Bahn trains, on trams, and on night buses if a bike ticket is purchased.[178]. As of 2018, the three largest banks headquartered in the capital were Deutsche Kreditbank, Landesbank Berlin and Berlin Hyp.[147]. Berlin will host the 2023 Special Olympics World Summer Games. Berlin is the most populous city proper in the European Union. More than 337,000 families with children under the age of 18 lived in Berlin. Through the disposal of construction debris they surpassed Teufelsberg (120.1m or 394ft), which itself was made up of rubble from the ruins of the Second World War. There are several joint projects with many other cities, such as Beirut, Belgrade, So Paulo, Copenhagen, Helsinki, Amsterdam, Johannesburg, Mumbai, Oslo, Hanoi, Shanghai, Seoul, Sofia, Sydney, New York City and Vienna. Following German reunification in 1990, Berlin once again became the capital of all of Germany. [205] The ensemble on the Museum Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is in the northern part of the Spree Island between the Spree and the Kupfergraben. The site of Checkpoint Charlie, one of the most renowned crossing points of the Berlin Wall, is still preserved. Dezember erffnen", "Humboldt Forum will zunchst nur digital erffnen", "Die Brandenburger wollen keine Berliner Verhltnisse", "Der hchste Berg von Berlin ist neuerdings in Pankow", "Berlin, Germany Kppen Climate Classification (Weatherbase)", "The different types of vertical greening systems and their relative sustainability", "Berlin ist das wrmste und trockenste Bundesland", "Temperaturmonatsmittel BERLIN-TEMPELHOF 1701- 1993", "Niederschlagsmonatssummen BERLIN-DAHLEM 1848 1990", "Berlin, Germany Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast", "World Weather Information Service Berlin", Long-term Development of Selected Climate Parameters (Edition 2015), "Construction and redevelopment since 1990", "A Forest of Pillars, Recalling the Unimaginable", Population on 1 January by age groups and sex functional urban areas, Eurostat, "Initiativkreis Europische Metropolregionen in Deutschland: Berlin-Brandenburg", "Berlin wird farbiger. In most of the inner districts of Berlin power lines are underground cables; only a 380kV and a 110kV line, which run from Reuter substation to the urban Autobahn, use overhead lines. [136] The city has a 6-year primary education program. [164] With 377 cars per 1000 residents in 2013 (570/1000 in Germany), Berlin as a Western global city has one of the lowest numbers of cars per capita.

The wireless networks are concentrated mostly in central districts; 650 hotspots (325 indoor and 325 outdoor access points) are installed. [255] The city of Berlin operates more than 60 public indoor and outdoor swimming pools. These include the Old National Gallery, the Bode Museum, the Pergamon Museum, the German Historical Museum, the Jewish Museum Berlin, the Natural History Museum, the Humboldt Forum, the Berlin State Library, the Berlin State Opera, the Berlin Philharmonic and the Berlin Marathon. Berlin has installed several hundred free public Wireless LAN sites across the capital since 2016. [needs update]. The rest either did not belong to such an organization, or there was no information available about them.[109]. [67], The legal basis for a combined state of Berlin and Brandenburg is different from other state fusion proposals. The city that never sleeps, or better yet, where you never have to sleep", "Art of Now Berlin's Nightlife BBC Sounds", "In the Capital of Electronic Music, Women Rule the Scene", "MICHELIN Guide, Germany, Berlin Restaurants", "Good Taste Award Winner 2015: Berlin, The New Vegetarian Capital", "Conscious Food Consumption at Berlin's Restlos Glcklich", "Spicy sausage that is worthy of a shrine in Berlin", "Chocolate Heaven at Fassbender & Rausch", "There's Nothing More German Than a Big, Fat Juicy Dner Kebab", "Peter Joseph Lenn, Senate Department of Urban Development", "Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin", "Melbourne retains ultimate sports city title", "Italy conquer the world as Germany wins friends", "Euroleague Final Four returns to Berlin in 2016", "Berlin, Germany selected to host the 2023 Special Olympics World Games", "500,000 spectators to watch the game together", "Der Landessportbund Berlin Mitglieder", "Berlin's swimming pools and bathing spots", Cities with more than 100,000 inhabitants, States of the Federal Republic of Germany, states of the Federal Republic of Germany, Institutional seats of the European Union, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE), Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berlin&oldid=1099340817, Populated places established in the 13th century, 1230s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with dead external links from June 2022, Articles with dead external links from July 2019, Articles with dead external links from December 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Pages using infobox settlement with possible area code list, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2019, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Pages using multiple image with manual scaled images, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2015, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from January 2021, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2014, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. [105] Boroughs of Berlin with a significant number of migrants or foreign born population are Mitte, Neuklln and Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg. For several years Berlin has been recognized as a major center of business founders. Until 2008, Berlin was also served by the smaller Tempelhof Airport, which functioned as a city airport, with a convenient location near the city center, allowing for quick transit times between the central business district and the airport. It is spoken in Berlin and the surrounding metropolitan area. [56] In 1961, East Germany began to build the Berlin Wall around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie. There are the Freie Universitt Berlin (Free University of Berlin, FU Berlin) with about 33,000[190] students, the Humboldt Universitt zu Berlin (HU Berlin) with 35,000[191] students, and the Technische Universitt Berlin (TU Berlin) with 35,000[192] students. [44] Under the rule of Frederick II, Berlin became a center of the Enlightenment, but also, was briefly occupied during the Seven Years' War by the Russian army. There are also 86 public libraries in the city. About one-third of the city's area is composed of forests, parks, gardens, rivers, canals and lakes. The area around Potsdam in particular Sanssouci is known for a series of interconnected lakes and cultural landmarks. Berlin is home to 44 theaters and stages. More than half of all German Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine, including Emil von Behring, Robert Koch and Paul Ehrlich, have worked at the Charit. [180] The modern history of medicine has been significantly influenced by scientists from Berlin. What a time to be alive. Nearby on Tauentzienstrae is KaDeWe, claimed to be continental Europe's largest department store. [53] After the end of the war in Europe in May 1945, Berlin received large numbers of refugees from the Eastern provinces. The Reichstag building is the traditional seat of the German Parliament. The House of Representatives (Abgeordnetenhaus) functions as the city and state parliament, which has 141 seats. The unemployment rate reached a 24-year low in November 2015 and stood at 10.0%. In Lichtenberg, on the grounds of the former East German Ministry for State Security, is the Stasi Museum. The number of deaths was 32,314. Large parts of the boroughs Reinickendorf and Pankow lie on the Barnim Plateau, while most of the boroughs of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Tempelhof-Schneberg, and Neuklln lie on the Teltow Plateau. It is a West Germanic language that derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. Of Berlin's twelve boroughs, five bear a (partly) Slavic-derived name: Pankow (the most populous), Steglitz-Zehlendorf, Marzahn-Hellersdorf, Treptow-Kpenick and Spandau (named Spandow until 1878). Berlin has a long history of discoveries in medicine and innovations in medical technology. All of these power stations generate electricity and useful heat at the same time to facilitate buffering during load peaks.

The Palaces and Parks of Potsdam and Berlin are the largest World Heritage Site in Germany. The Messe Berlin (also known as Berlin ExpoCenter City) is the main convention organizing company in the city. City-wide elections in December 1990 resulted in the first "all Berlin" mayor being elected to take office in January 1991, with the separate offices of mayors in East and West Berlin expiring by that time, and Eberhard Diepgen (a former mayor of West Berlin) became the first elected mayor of a reunited Berlin. It began construction in 2006, with the intention of replacing Tegel Airport (TXL) and Schnefeld Airport (SXF) as the single commercial airport of Berlin. The focal point is the Brandenburg Gate, where midnight fireworks are centered, but various private fireworks displays take place throughout the entire city. [230] Berlin is well known for its offerings of vegetarian[231] and vegan[232] cuisine and is home to an innovative entrepreneurial food scene promoting cosmopolitan flavors, local and sustainable ingredients, pop-up street food markets, supper clubs, as well as food festivals, such as Berlin Food Week. [182] The FU, the HU, the TU, and the Charit make up the Berlin University Alliance, which has received funding from the Excellence Strategy program of the German government. [253] A Fan Fest at Brandenburg Gate, which attracts several hundred-thousand spectators, has become popular during international football competitions, like the UEFA European Championship. After the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, many historic buildings in Mitte, the former city center of East Berlin, were illegally occupied and re-built by young squatters and became a fertile ground for underground and counterculture gatherings. Turkish, Arabic, Kurdish, and Serbo-Croatian are heard more often in the western part due to the large Middle Eastern and former-Yugoslavian communities. [121] The state owns extensive assets, including administrative and government buildings, real estate companies, as well as stakes in the Olympic Stadium, swimming pools, housing companies, and numerous public enterprises and subsidiary companies.[122][123]. The Bundesrat ("federal council", performing the function of an upper house) is the representation of the 16 constituent states (Lnder) of Germany and has its seat at the former Prussian House of Lords. Foreign residents of Berlin originate from about 190 countries. In 2014, 67 airlines served 163 destinations in 50 countries from Berlin. [citation needed] Since 2011, a number of app based e-car and e-scooter sharing services have evolved. [28] The first written records of towns in the area of present-day Berlin date from the late 12th century. The Gendarmenmarkt is a neoclassical square in Berlin, the name of which derives from the headquarters of the famous Gens d'armes regiment located here in the 18th century. [citation needed]. [82] The hottest month in Berlin was July 1834, with a mean temperature of 23.0C (73.4F) and the coldest was January 1709, with a mean temperature of 13.2C (8.2F). [248] The IAAF World Championships in Athletics was held in the Olympiastadion in 2009. Prefixes for vehicle registration were introduced in 1906, but often changed due to the political changes after 1945.

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